Hair

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Extra words

https://preply.com/en/blog/about-hair-and-hairstyles-in-english/

https://www.espressoenglish.net/english-vocabulary-with-pictures-15-words-for-hairstyles/

Let's Practise: Passive Voice

Pairwork practice

Baamboozle 1: https://www.baamboozle.com/game/2244486

Baamboozle 2: https://www.baamboozle.com/game/1724551

Individual practice

Task 1: Passive Voice (word order)

Task 2: Questions in passive (sõnade järjekord)

Task 3: Gaps / Which tense? 

Task 4: Modal verbs + Passive

Task 5: Mixed tenses in Passive

Task 6: Active =>Passive

Task 7: Quiz

Task 8: Exercise 1

Task 9: Exercise 2

Task 10: Exercise 3

Art (The art of beauty)

 The Venus of Hogle Fels

Peter Paul Rubens

Elizabethan England

Maoris

Myanmar

Video: Female beauty standards

Video: 

Quiz: Passive Voice

 1) 12 Oct 1492

2) 1992

3) 15th century

4) In the USA (Atlanta, Georgia, May 1886)

5) Mount Everest (8,849m), (Mount Kea 10,205m)

6) Russia (Russian ruble), Belarus (Belarusian ruble)

7) the Ukraine

8) Thailand

9) Seven

10) 31 October

11) 17 March

12) fourth Thursday in November (the USA), second Monday in October (Canada)

13) 1889

14) No, although....

15) since 1788, so 18th century

16) India (25%)

17) The Louvre, Paris (This portrait is believed to be of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Florentine fabric merchant Francesco del Giocondo or from the 19th century known as Mona Lisa)

18) 50 stars, 13 stripes (7 red and 6 white)

19) air and sugar

20)  Caspian Sea (371,000 km²); 2. Lake Superior (82,100 km^2); Lake Victoria  ⁽59,940 km²⁾ 

Mimicry

 What is animal mimicry?

the close external resemblance of an animal or plant (or part of one) to another animal, plant, or inanimate object

Video: 11 examples

Unit 1A: Ideal Beauty

 Task 1: Find the phrases in English from the text

1) kaalus juurde võtma

2) sümboliseerib meestes jõukust

3) ülekuhjatud (millegagi)

4) erinevaid arvamusi/vaateid paljastama

5) varaseim taasesitus / kujutamine

6) kahvatu / heleda nahaga

7) jõukuse tundemärk / tõestus jõukusest

8) lai varieerumine (lai valikute hulk)

9) keha muutmine

10) näitama inimese kohta ühiskonnas

11) elegantne

12) laialdaselt levinud olema (kusagil)

13) väga erinevatel põhjustel

Tasks 2: check your answers

1) put on weight

2) symbolizes prosperity in men

3) be bombarded with sth

4) reveal different views of

5) the earliest representation

6) pale-skinned

7) a sign of wealth

8) a huge variation

9) body modification

10) reflect the person's position in society

11) elegant

12) be commonplace in

13) for a wide variety of reasons

Passive Voice

Video

Change the following active sentences into passive

Red - subject / alus
blue - öeldis / verb / tegusõna
green - object / sihitis
purple - modal verb / modaalsõna
orange - auxillary verb / abitegusõna


Present Simple Passive

AM

IS       + III/-ed

ARE

1) Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah.  

2) The teacher always answers the students' questions.

3) Thousands of tourists view the Grand Canyon every year. 

Past Simple Passive

WAS

WERE     + III/-ed

4) Harry ate three potatoes at dinner. 

5) I ran the obstacle course in record time. 

6) Tom painted the entire house in 3 days. 

7) The critic wrote a very positive review which surprised the  whole audience. 

Future Simple Passive / Modal Verbs

WILL

CAN

SHOULD     + Be    + III/-ed

MAY

etc.

8)  I will clean the house every Saturday. 

9) From now on all the students must wear a reflector on their winter jackets.  

10) Susan should bake two dozen cupcakes for the bake sale. 

Present Continuous Passive

AM

IS        + BEING   +   III/-ed

ARE

11) The two kings are signing the treaty.

12) Right now everybody is revising the passive voice. 

Present Perfect Passive

HAVE

HAS     +   BEEN   +   III/-ed

13) John has answered all the questions. 

14) I have kept all your old letters.

Past Perfect Passive

HAD + BEEN + III/-ed

15) He had kept up his training regimen for a month before he decided to quit. 

16) I had already told him what was needed for the birthday party. 

Past Continuous Passive

WAS

WERE       +   BEING   +   III/-ed

17) She was keeping a seat for you in vain. Why didn't you turn up?

18) We were watching a horror movie when the the power went off. 

Cotton: Where does it grow and how are T-shirts made?

 

The process of making T-shirts

1. growing and picking cotton by using farm machinery

2. processing cotton (lots of water needed)

3. making cotton fabric / cloth

4. printing on the processed fabric, making patterns

5. designing

6. cutting, sewing (a. back and front assembly, b. sleeves, c. neckband and hem, d. attaching a label

7. quality check

8. pressing, folding, tagging, packing

9. dispatch to the distribution centre

10. display in the shop, attaching price tags

11. selling and buying process, discounts, sales

12. donating a used T-shirt to a charity / second-hand shop, taking it to the clothes bank, reusing it, taking it to the recycling centre,  throwing it to the general rubbish

Materials

 Group 1: textiles

cotton, denim, fur, lace, 

leather, linen, nylon, silk, 

velvet, wool, polyester, 

cashmere, satin, felt, 

flannel, tweed, Spandex/Lycra, 

microfibre, Merino wool, 

viscose, canvas

Task 2: Mix the textile words with its description

1. ________ is a type of wool fabric that is made from _______  goats and pashmina goats. It is a natural fiber known for its extremely soft feel and great insulation. The fibers are very fine and delicate, feeling almost like a silk fabric to the touch. It is significantly warmer and lighter than sheep’s wool. Often It is made into a wool blend and mixed with other types of wool, like merino, to give it added weight, since ______ fibers are very fine and thin.

2. _______ is a delicate fabric made from yarn or thread, characterised by open-weave designs and patterns created through a variety of different methods. _____  fabric was originally made from silk and linen, but today cotton thread and synthetic fibers are both used. ______ is a decorative fabric used to accent and embellish clothing and home decor items. _______ is traditionally considered a luxury textile, as it takes a lot of time and expertise to make.

3. ______ is any fabric that is made from animal hides or skins, and different types of _______ result from different animals and different treatment techniques. While cowhide is the most popular animal skin used for it, comprising about 65 percent of all ______ produced, almost any animal can be made into ______ , from crocodiles to pigs to stingrays. It is a durable, wrinkle-resistant fabric, and it can take on many different looks and feels based on the type of animal, grade, and treatment.

4. ______  is an extremely strong, lightweight fabric made from the flax plant. It is a common material used for towels, tablecloths, napkins, and bedsheets, and the term “______ s,” i.e. bed ______ s, still refers to these household items, though they are not always made out of _____ fabric. The material is also used for the inner layer of jackets, hence the name “lining.” It’s an incredibly absorbent and breathable fabric, which makes it ideal for summer clothing, as the lightweight qualities allow air to pass through and moderate the body temperature.

5) ______  is a man-made synthetic fiber created from petrochemicals, like coal and petroleum. ______ fabric is characterized by its durable nature; however it is not breathable and doesn’t absorb liquids, like sweat, well.  ______  blends are also very popular as the durable fiber can add strength to another fabric, while the other fabric makes ______  more breathable.

6) _______  is a natural fiber produced by the _____ worm, an insect, as a material for their nests and cocoons. ______ is known for its shine and softness as a material. It is an incredibly durable and strong material with a beautiful drape and sheen. It is used for formal attire, accessories, bedding, upholstery, and more.

7)  _____ or ______ or elastane is a synthetic fiber characterized by its extreme elasticity. ______ is blended with several types of fibers to add stretch and is used for everything from jeans to athleisure to hosiery.

8)  _____ is a rough woven fabric usually made from wool. The fibers can be woven using a plain weave or twill weaves. It is an extremely warm, hard-wearing fabric that is thick and stiff. Wool ______ is often woven using different colored threads to achieve dynamic patterns and colors, frequently with small squares and vertical lines.  ______ is very popular for suiting and jackets, which were originally made out of the material for hunting activities.

9)  ________ is a soft, luxurious fabric that is characterized by a dense pile of evenly cut fibers that have a smooth nap. It has a beautiful drape and a unique soft and shiny appearance due to the characteristics of the short pile fibers. ______  fabric is popular for evening wear and dresses for special occasions, as the fabric was initially made from silk. Cotton, linen, wool, mohair, and synthetic fibers can also be used to make _____, making it less expensive and incorporated into daily-wear clothes.  ______ is also a fixture of home decor, where it’s used as upholstery fabric, curtains, pillows, and more.

10)  _______ is a semi-synthetic type of rayon fabric made from wood pulp that is used as a silk substitute, as it has a similar drape and smooth feel to the luxury material. It is a silk-like fabric and is appealing because it is much cheaper to produce. ______  is a versatile fabric used for clothing items such as blouses, dresses, and jackets, and around the home in carpets and upholstery.

Task 3: Mix the textiles with photos

1. 

2. 

3.

4. 

5.

6. 

7.

8.

9.

10. 

check your answers (task 2)

1) cashmere

2) lace

3) leather 

4) linen

5) polyester

6) silk

7) Spandex / Lycra

8) tweed

9) velvet

10) viscose

Check your answers (Task 3)

1) denim

2) linen

3) nylon

4) Merino wool

5) felt

6) tweed

7) flannel

8) satin

9) microfibre

10) canvas

Question Tags

Question tags are common in everyday speech and in informal writing. They are used to check whether something is true (the speaker expresses their uncertainty) or to ask for agreement. 

Examples where a common pattern can be followed, pay attention which part of the sentence is positive and which negative, auxiliary verbs are marked in red and subjects (alus) in green. 

1) You have seen this film, haven't you? (sentence itself is positive, question tag is negative)

2) The tea isn't very nice, is it? ( negative sentence, positive tag)

3) They liked the film, didn't they? 

4) You've met Jo before, haven't you?

5) The firemen can see our car, can't they?

6) There wasn't anybody present, was there?

More difficult sentences

1) I am saying it correctly, aren't I? (BUT => I'm not saying it correctly, am I?

2) Interesting game, isn't it?

3) Nobody phoned last night, did they?

4) It has hardly rained all summer, has it? (PS! "hardly" gives a negative meaning to the sentence, that's why tag is positive)

5) Nothing matters to you, does it?

6) Somebody's forgotten their coat, haven't they?

7) Don't shout at me, will you? (With negative commands use will!)

8) Let's go home, shall we?  (Let's = Let us)

Let's practise

CLICK HERE: Multiple choice

CLICK HERE: A matching exercise

CLICK HERE: Type question tags

CLICK HERE: 10 sentences

BBC: timeline and numbers

1922 -

1930 - 

1932 - 

1936 - 

1939-1946

1953 - 

20  / 3 

1950s

1954

4 / 188 - 

23,000

10 / 59

100s